abstract：:Infections with hepatitis A and B viruses are common in all parts of the world and constitute a major public health problem. The identification of specific antigenic markers of these viruses has led to the development of sensitive laboratory tests. These, in turn, have resulted in a better understanding of the epidemi...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Zuckerman AJ

更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new immunodiffusion technique in agarose gel for the quantification of complement-fixing antibodies is described. The test involves the incorporation of antigen and complement in a primary agarose gel. Heat-inactivated serum samples are allowed to diffuse radially from wells overnight at 4 degrees C. A secondary gel...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Haaheim LR

更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Comprehensive labelling forms a vital part of any steps to control the quality of commercially distributed diagnostic reagents. This Memorandum gives recommendations for such labelling. Specifications are given for the recommended minimum information to be given on the label attached to the immediate container of clin...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors：

更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies on the prevalence and other epidemiological features of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease and pilot prophylactic programmes have been carried out in India for the past 12 years or more. The results of these, together with data from other developing countries, have been taken into account in discussin...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Padmavati S

更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A study was made on the effect of undernutrition on the immunological responses of mice to TAB and BCG vaccines. The mice were fed a diet comprising chapati and germinated grams; one group was fed ad libitum while another was given half the quantity consumed by the first group. The undernourished mice showed a poor im...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Narayanan RB,Nath I,Bhuyan UN,Talwar GP

更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The gene for dieldrin resistance has been artificially male-linked so that females can be selectively killed with dieldrin. By intercrossing different sibling species of the Anopheles gambiae complex, batches consisting of sterile males only can be reared. This seems to have potential for use in genetic control operat...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Curtis CF

更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The occurrence of three deaths and substantial morbidity among members of a "package tour" who stayed at the same hotel in Benidorm, Spain, during the summer of 1973 provided an opportunity to study the experiences of persons undertaking this type of holiday and some of the factors that might affect their health. Of 2...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Reid D,Grist NR,Nájera R

更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Poxvirus antisera adsorbed with "homologous" and "heterologous" poxvirus-infected chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) were differentiated by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA). Mixtures of the antiserum dilutions and infected CAM were added directly (without centrifugation) to poxvirus-infected CAM antigens affixed to wel...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Hutchinson HD,Ziegler DW,Wells DE,Nakano JH

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The history of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) research is reviewed from the point of view of whether the main discoveries concerning LCM pathogenesis have stemmed from animal or in vitro research methods. Most of the results initially stemmed from animal experiments, but in recent years recourse has increasingly b...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Hotchin J

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In vitro studies have shown that exogenously supplied amino acids are transferred into the malaria-infected cell, where they are incorporated into proteins. Most amino acids appear to enter the cell by facilitated or simple diffusion; however, the high distribution ratios seen in Plasmodium knowlesi-infected cells are...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Sherman IW

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunity in meningococcal diseases has been inadequately studied and, until now, most attempts at serotherapy and immunization against meningococcal meningitis have been unsuccessful. To ascertain the status of immunity among children at greatest risk of contracting the disease, 267 serum specimens from healthy childr...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Burian V,Gotschlich E,Kuzemenská P,Svandová E

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Separation and concentration of parasitized erythrocytes from infected blood was achieved by centrifugation of a sample placed in a layer on top of a cushion of a Ficoll solution with a critical density. Pure suspensions of parasitized erythrocytes were obtained from Plasmodium berghei infected rodent blood, whereas r...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Eling W

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A study spanning 10 years indicates that the erythrocytic stages of malarial parasites can be stored indefinitely in the vapour phase of liquid nitrogen without significant loss of infectivity. The results also suggest that loss due to the recovery procedures exceeds any loss that may have occurred during freezing and...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Strome CP,Tubergen TA,Leef JL,Beaudoin RL

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Freeze-fracture studies were made on the parasite and the erythrocyte in P. knowlesi infections. There is a loss of transmembrane integral proteins from the plasma membrane of the schizont-infected erythrocyte and the intraerythrocytic parasite synthesizes new transmembrane proteins as development proceeds. Formation ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： McLaren DJ,Bannister LH,Trigg PI,Butcher GA

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new membrane filter concentration technique for the detection and quantification of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae in skin snips was compared for sensitivity and efficiency with a widely used "standard" technique. A field study was carried out in five villages in an onchocerciasis focus north-east of the town of ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Scheiber P,Braun-Munzinger RA,Southgate BA,Agbo KN

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Haematological surveys of adult population samples were conducted simultaneously in 12 countries, all but one of which are in Europe. Haematological estimations on samples from nine of the countries were made in one central laboratory. Differences between countries in the mean levels of haemoglobin (and haematocrit an...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Elwood PC,Hughes J,Abernethy M,Davies R,Gough R,Johnson AP,Dubourg AY

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A test for monkeypox-specific antibodies is described. Monkeypox immune sera can be made type-specific by immunoabsorption with heterotypic poxvirus extracts. Monkeypox-specific antibodies were demonstrated in sera from 9 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) that had previously been experimentally infected with mo...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Gispen R,Brand-Saathof BB,Hekker AC

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Twenty-six patients suffering from methylmercury poisoning were treated by different therapeutic regimes. Seven received penicillamine or N-acetyl-d-L-penicillamine, 10 were treated with dimercaprol sulfonate and 9, who could not be treated, were given a placebo and were used as controls. Penicillamine, N-acetyl-d-L-p...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Bakir F,Al-Khalidi A,Clarkson TW,Greenwood R

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aortic and coronary atherosclerosis and the prevalence of coronary stenosis and thrombosis were studied in subjects who had died of fresh or recurrent myocardial infarction or had suffered from myocardial infarction in the past. In general, severe atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries with stenosis and calcificatio...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Vihert AM

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aortic and coronary atherosclerosis were studied in two groups, the "high atherosclerosis group" and the "low atherosclerosis group". The latter may be considered as showing basic levels of atherosclerosis in the different communities. The development of lesions in the two groups occurred in parallel, but earlier in t...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Vihert AM

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For 164 days mature chickens received a daily diet containing 40 g of wheat treated with organomercurial fungicide and 80 g of untreated diet. A control group received 120 g of normal diet daily. The experimental group was then split - half receiving the same diet for a further 155 days, by which time all had been kil...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Al-Falluji N,Makkawi TA,Abou-el-azm IM,Sokkar IM,Darraji M

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumours of the pancreas occur most commonly in dogs and cats and only rarely in other domestic species. The incidence of neoplasms, both exocrine and endocrine, increases with age. Exocrine adenocarcinomas are the most common malignant tumours and have three fairly distinct morphological patterns: small tubular, large...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Kircher CH,Nielsen SW

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper is an attempt to relate modifications observed in general and infant mortality rates with the dynamic changes in transmission induced by malaria control measures. The observations indicated relationships between the efficacy of control and a decrease in mortality. The daily parasitological inoculation rate ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Payne D,Grab B,Fontaine RE,Hempel JH

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of drugs and drug combinations were tested both in vitro and in vivo against pathogens causing actinomycetoma and maduromycetoma. Of 144 patients with actinomycetoma treated, 63.2% were cured, 21.5% showed great improvement in their condition, and 11.1% showed some improvement. Treatment was successful even w...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Mahgoub ES

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Strains of Vibrio cholerae-1156 from various parts of the world-were examined by standardized antibiotic sensitivity tests in one centre, to determine the global incidence of antibiotic resistance in this organism and to assess the extent to which differences in methods of sensitivity testing might be responsible for ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： O'Grady F,Lewis MJ,Pearson NJ

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments were carried out in field cages to test the principle of "transport" of a desirable gene or chromosome into a wild Culex fatigans population as a result of the sterility in cross-matings associated with cytoplasmic incompatibility. Cycling populations of Delhi origin were established in the cages and...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Curtis CF

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tamiami virus produces a lethal encephalitis in suckling mice, and the illness is mediated, at least in part, by cellular immunity. Infection of extraneural organs, including lymphoid organs, is limited. The same virus produces a widespread infection in its natural host, the cotton rat, but neither symptomatic illness...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Winn WC Jr,Murphy FA

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper Lassa virus is used as a model in pinpointing priorities for future research on the arenaviruses. Suggestions for specific investigations and public health measures cover the detection of Lassa virus infection, the pathology and therapy of the disease, and its prevention and control. ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Johnson KM

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In comparison with other rodents, the mastomys is unique as regards the patterns of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases that it develops, some of which may constitute suitable animal models for corresponding diseases of man. Among the spontaneous diseases commonly encountered in necropsies of 600 mastomys maintaine...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Snell KC,Stewart HL

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Single-radial-diffusion techniques are proposed as possible alternatives to tests based on agglutination of erythrocytes for the assay of the haemagglutinin content of influenza vaccines. Two test procedures (microtest and macrotest) and the use of reference reagents to assay vaccines using these tests are described. ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Schild GC,Wood JM,Newman RW

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) has been rarely reported in the American literature since 1960. It is interesting that each of the 3 epidemics reported since then has been associated with exposure to hamsters. In 1973, 48 cases of LCM spanning the years 1971-1973 occurred at the University of Rochester Medical Scho...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Gregg MB

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lyophilized cells for the passive (formerly indirect) haemagglutination test for malaria were tested in a small field trial. A comparison was made with results obtained with samples from the same persons by another method in another laboratory (Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA). The use of lyophilized cell...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Brögger RC,Mathews HM

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The paper presents clinical observations on 1 233 persons with smallpox who were admitted to the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Calcutta, in 1973. The disease was of the modified type in 53 patients (4.3%), the ordinary type in 717 (58.2%), the flat type in 249 (20.2%), and the haemorrhagic type in 214 (17.3%). The fat...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Mazumder DN,Mitra AC,Mukherjee MK

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Representatives of the WHO influenza programme recently proposed a standard method of determining neuraminidase activity and neuraminidase inhibition (NI) antibody titres. Logit transformation of the data obtained with the WHO method for the NI assay permits a more efficient performance of the test and easy calculatio...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Richman DD,Murphy BR,Cline WL,Alling DW

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Development of resistance to chloroquine in rodent malaria is inhibited by giving this compound together with a potentiating mixture of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine but this does not prevent the development of resistance to the last two compounds. The use of drug mixtures should be explored as a means of "protecting"...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Peters W

更新日期：1974-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Malaria parasites in mice present a simplified rodent model for the immunological study of malaria. Experiments have been performed to determine the pattern and persistence of malaria antibody as detected by the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test utilizing specific antimouse IgM and IgG conjugates. The antibody ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Waki S,Suzuki M

更新日期：1974-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There have been 4 waves of imported malaria in the USA. They occurred during the colonization of the country and during the Second World War, the UN Police Action in Korea, and the Viet-Nam conflict. The first 3 episodes are briefly described and the data on imported malaria from Viet-Nam are discussed in detail.Endem...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Schultz MG

更新日期：1974-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As a result of extensive travel and temporary residence by people in areas where malaria is endemic, the disease is being reimported into countries from which it has been eradicated. Owing to the lack of experience of malaria on the part of present-day physicians and the atypical presentation of some forms of the dise...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Falisevac J

更新日期：1974-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies with the indirect haemagglutination test for malaria are reviewed. Aspects of methodology, reproducibility, specificity, and sensitivity are discussed. A procedure is presented for application in the field, which indicates some progress towards developing a simple field method for the epidemiological su...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Meuwissen JH

更新日期：1974-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This Memorandum discusses two areas of research into rheumatic disease in which it is considered international cooperation would be valuable. These are: (a) standardization and cooperative evaluation of immunological tests used in diagnosis, clinico-pathological assessment, and epidemiological work; and (b) standardiz...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors：

更新日期：1974-01-01 00:00:00